PG+9

http://www.ushistory.org/gop/tour_secondbank.htm ====**122. Tariff of 1816:** The War of 1812 forced Americans to confront the issue of protecting their struggling industries. The British had stashed large quantities of manufactured goods in warehouses during the war, but when peace was achieved in 1815, a flood of these goods was dumped on the American market. New England manufacturing concerns found it almost impossible to compete with the cheap foreign imports. The tariff was a mildly protectionist measure, raising the average tax rates to around 20 percent. New England manufacturers actually desired higher rates, but had not yet developed a sufficient political presence in Washington to have their way. ==== ~Patterson http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h973.html
 * 121. 2nd Bank of the U.S.:** The Second Bank was founded after the War of 1812 when it was realized that without a national bank, it would be impossible to fund another war such as the one just fought. Founded in 1816, the building was finished in 1818. William Strickland, one of the first great American architects designed the building, and Nicholas Biddle was the first president of the bank.- CO

The origins of the Rush-Bagot Treaty can be traced to a correspondence of letters between United States Secretary of State, Richard Rush, and the British Minister to Washington, Sir Charles Bagot. After the terms of the notes were agreed upon by Rush and Bagot, the Rush-Bagot Agreement was unofficially recognized by both the United States and England. On April 6, 1818 it was submitted to the United States Senate and formerly ratified on April 16, 1818.
 * 123. Rush Bagot Treaty**

This treaty betwwen the U.S. and Britain cause a large demilitarization fo the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain, where many British naval arrangements and forts were located. The treaty stated that each country could keep one military vessel (no more than 100 tons) and one cannon (no more than 18 pounds) on Lake Ontario and Lake Champlain. The remaining Great Lakes allowed each country to keep two military vessels "of like burden" on the waters armed with "like force". //Mediavilla// []

This convention resulted in the signing of a treaty in London on October 20, 1818 that gave U.S. citizens the right to fish on limited portions of the Canadian maritimes. This treaty also established the Northwest boundary from the Lake of the Woods west to the Rocky Mountains along the forty-ninth parallel. The treaty stated that territory west of the Rocky Mountains should be accessible to both the British and the U.S. for ten years. The length of this dual land access was redeemed in 1827, yet ended in 1846 with the creation of the Oregon Treaty. //Mediavilla// [] [] []
 * 124. Convention of 1818:**

This treaty was created in 1819 and it was made to settle a border dispute in North America between the United States and Spain. The outcome of this treaty ultimately weakened Spanish power in the New World. In addition to ceding Florida to the United States, the treaty settled a boundary dispute along the Sabine River in Texas and established the boundary of U.S. territory and claims through the Rocky Mountains and west to the Pacific Ocean. This land was given to the United States as a means of paying off the $5,000,000 worth of claims filed by U.S. residents agaisnt the Spanish government. The Spanish relinquished their claims on parts of Texas west of the Sabine River and other Spanish areas under the terms of the Louisiana Purchas. //Mediavilla//
 * 125.** **Transcontinental Treaty (Adams-Onis Treaty):**
 * []**

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1819
 * 126. Panic of 1819:** The Panic of 1819 was the first major financial crisis in the United States. This crisis resulted from international conflicts such as the Embargo Act and War of 1812, caused widespread foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment, and a slump in agriculture and manufacturing. After the Second Bank of the United States was founded in 1816, however, this crisis ended, in response to the spread of bank notes across United States from private banks, due to inflation brought on by the debt following the war. However, the causes of the Panic of 1819 largely originated within the U.S. economy. The panic marked the end of the economic expansion that had followed the War of 1812 and ushered in new financial policies that would shape economic development.- CO

Conflict between Seminoles and American settlers erupted because settlers wanted the rich land in Florida that the natives inhabited and because the Seminoles provided refuge to runaway slaves. Tensions rose even higher during the War of 1812 because several brutal incidents ensued between the U.S. and the Seminoles.
 * 127. 1st Seminole War (1817-1818)**

The First Seminole War began in response to the United State's attempt to recapture runaway slaves living among the Seminoles. In 1818, Major General Andrew Jackson marched an army of more than 3,000 soldiers to Florida. This resulted in the destruction of several native settlements, then execution of two British traders who supposedly supported the Seminole cause, and the capture of the Spanish fort of Pensacole in May 1818. These events did not stop Seminole opposition, and two more wars followed in 1835-1842 and 1855-1858 which lead to the confiscation of the Seminoles' land for white settlement and exploitation. //Mediavilla// []

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine
 * 128. Monroe Doctrine** was proposed by James Monroe, stating that further efforts by European countries to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed as acts of aggression requiring US intervention. It asserted that the Western Hemisphere was not to be further colonized by European countries and that the United States would neither interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries.- CO

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_System_%28economic_plan%29
 * 129. American System**, originally called "The American Way," was a mercantilist economic plan based on the "American School" ideas of Alexander Hamilton, consisting of a high tariff to support internal improvements such as road-building and a national bank to encourage productive enterprise and form a national currency. This program was intended to allow the United States to grow and prosper, by providing a defense against the dumping of cheap foreign products, mainly at the time from the British Empire**- CO**

This was the period of time, or era when the US was at peace under James Monroe's administration. The era of good feelings began when the War of 1812 ended. Also, during this era, many new technological developments arose in the field of transportation. These include the Turnpike Era, Canal Craze, Railroad Era, and Steamboat Era. These new developments were possible because of the way politics were at ease and the country could focus on things like economic developments. [|Era of Good Feelings] //Feuerborn// //[]//
 * 130. Era of Good Feelings:**

The Tallmadge Amendment was submitted by James Tallamdge, Jr. in the House of Representatives on February 13, 1819, during the debate regarding the admission of Missouri as a state. Tallmadge was opposed to slavery and sought to impose conditions on Missouri that would extinguish slavery within a generation: > "And provided, That the further introduction of slavery or involuntary servitude be prohibited, except for the punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been fully convicted; and that all children born within the said State, after the admission thereof into the Union, shall be free at the age of twenty-five years." The Tallmadge Amendment passed in the House. However, the Senate, which contained an equal number of slave and free states, passed a version of the Missouri statehood bill without the amendment. If adopted, the amendment would have led to the gradual elimination of slavery in the Missouri territory. The majorities of the House and the Senate eventually agreed to the Missouri Compromise, which did not include the Tallmadge Amendment, but prohibited slavery in the territories of the Louisiana Purchase above the 36˚30’ parallel. //Mediavilla// []
 * 131. Tallmadge Amendment**

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Compromise
 * 132. Missouri Compromise-** An agreement passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress. It primarily involved the regulation of slavery in the western territories in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30' north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. Prior to the agreement, the House of Representatives had refused to accept this compromise and a conference committee was appointed, and the United States Senate refused to concur in the amendment.**- CO**

~Patterson http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Slater
 * 133. Samuel Slater:** An early American Industrialist popularly known as the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution" because he brought British textile technology to America. A native of England, he was apprenticed to a Belper as a manager in a cotton mill. In 1789 he violated a British emigration law that prohibited the spread of British manufacturing technology to other nations. When he left for New York, he had memorized the plans for the mill and had a deep understanding of Strutt's managerial practices. He offered to sell his knowledge to American industrialists, doing so to Moses Brown of Providence, who used the plan, and made major profit. He soon found work in Rhode Island replicating British factory equipment for a textile mill, and earned the owner's backing to design and build the first water-powered cotton mill in the United States.

=
Often credited with inventing the steamboat, Robert Fulton was actually the man who put the design into practice. In Paris, Fulton designed an experimental submarine, which caught the eye of Robert Livingston, then the wealthy American ambassador to France. Livingston convinced Fulton to return to the United States and concentrate on steamboat design. ======

http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/DETOC/transport/fulton.html
~Patterson http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_Whitney,_Jr.
 * 135. Eli Whitney:** A n American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the antebellum South. Whitney's invention made short staple cotton into a profitable crop, which strengthened the economic foundation of slavery. Despite the social and economic impact of his invention, Whitney lost his profits in legal battles over patent infringement, closed his business and nearly filed for bankruptcy.

**PG 10**